Which of the following is typically included in a logic model?

• A. Inputs, activities, outputs, short- and long-term outcomes, and impact
• B. Hypotheses and theoretical frameworks only
• C. Randomization procedures
• D. Participant demographics only

Answer: (A)

A logic model shows how program resources and activities are linked to the outputs you produce, the short‑term and long‑term outcomes you expect, and the ultimate impact on health or community conditions. It lays out the theory of how change is supposed to happen: inputs (resources like funding and staff) enable activities (workshops, services), which generate outputs (touched lives, services delivered) and lead to outcomes (knowledge gains, behavior changes) over time, culminating in broader impact (improved health outcomes, community well‑being). This structure is why it’s the best answer: it explicitly maps the sequence from what you invest to what you hope to achieve and provides a framework for planning and evaluating progress. The other options miss this core mapping: hypotheses and theoretical frameworks are about reasoning and justification, not the practical sequence of resources-to-outcomes in a logic model; randomization procedures pertain to study design; participant demographics describe who is involved rather than how the program is supposed to create change.