In program evaluation, which is a primary focus of process evaluation?

• A. Assessing how well a program is implemented and whether activities are delivered as planned.
• B. Measuring the long-term health outcomes only.
• C. Estimating disease incidence in the population.
• D. Calculating the program budget and expenses.

Answer: (A)

Process evaluation focuses on how the program is implemented, examining whether activities are delivered as planned, with fidelity, reach, dose, and quality across sites and over time. This helps you understand if the outcomes (positive or negative) can be attributed to the execution of the program rather than to the program design itself. So the main aim is to assess how well the program is implemented and whether activities are delivered as planned.

Long-term health outcomes reflect the program’s effectiveness, not its implementation, so measuring those is not the primary focus of process evaluation. Estimating disease incidence is an epidemiologic measure of health status in a population, not about how a program was delivered. While budgeting and expenses can be part of understanding resources used, the central concern of process evaluation remains the delivery process itself.